What Are Wisdom Teeth?

Wisdom teeth — formally called third molars — are the last teeth to develop, typically erupting between the ages of 17 and 25. Most adults have four wisdom teeth, one in each corner of the mouth. Because the modern human jaw is often too small to accommodate them, wisdom teeth frequently cause problems that require removal.

Why Do Wisdom Teeth Cause Problems?

Impaction

When there is insufficient space, wisdom teeth become impacted — unable to fully erupt into their correct position.

Common Problems Caused by Wisdom Teeth

• Pericoronitis — infection of the gum flap over a partially erupted wisdom tooth

• Decay — difficult to clean, cavity-prone position

• Damage to second molar — pressure and decay on the adjacent tooth

• Cyst formation — fluid-filled sac around an impacted tooth can destroy bone

• Crowding — pressure on adjacent teeth

• Pain and swelling — recurring episodes of inflammation

Do All Wisdom Teeth Need to Be Removed?

Not always. Wisdom teeth that have fully erupted, are properly aligned, and can be effectively cleaned may not require removal. However, monitoring is essential because problems can develop at any age.

Removal is generally recommended when:

• Impaction is present or predicted

• Recurring pain or infection occurs

• Decay develops that cannot be properly restored

• Cyst or tumor formation is detected

• Damage to adjacent teeth is occurring or at risk

What to Expect — The Procedure

Before

• Panoramic X-ray and clinical evaluation

• Discussion of anesthesia options — local anesthesia at our office, or sedation with a surgical specialist

• Medical history review

• Pre-operative instructions provided

During

1. Local anesthesia administered

2. Gum tissue incised if needed

3. Bone removed as necessary to access the tooth

4. Tooth sectioned (divided) if needed for easier removal

5. Socket cleaned and irrigated

6. Sutures placed (dissolve on their own in 7–10 days)

7. Gauze placed for pressure

Typical procedure time: 20–45 minutes per tooth

Recovery — What to Expect

Day 1

• Bleeding controlled with gauze — change every 30–45 minutes as needed

• Swelling begins — ice packs most effective in first 24 hours

• Rest — no strenuous activity

• Begin prescribed medications as directed

• Liquid/very soft diet only

Days 2–4 — Peak Swelling

• Swelling typically peaks at 48–72 hours then gradually resolves

• Switch from ice to warm compresses after 48 hours

• Soft foods — yogurt, mashed potatoes, scrambled eggs, smoothies (no straws)

• Gentle salt water rinses beginning Day 2

Days 5–10

• Swelling and discomfort significantly improved

• Gradually reintroduce soft regular foods

• Sutures dissolve on their own

• Return to normal activities

Full Healing

• Soft tissue: 3–4 weeks

• Bone remodeling: 3–6 months

Potential Complications

Most wisdom tooth removals heal without complications. Patients should be aware of:

Complication Signs Action

Dry socket Severe pain days 3–5 Contact office immediately

Infection Increasing pain, swelling, fever after Day 3 Contact office immediately

Nerve sensitivity Numbness or tingling in lip/chin Usually temporary — report to Dr. Kim

Sinus communication Upper wisdom tooth removal can open sinus Usually heals — follow post-op instructions carefully

The Best Time for Removal

Wisdom teeth are generally easier to remove in younger patients (17–25) because:

• Roots are not fully formed — shorter and less curved

• Bone is less dense — easier surgical access

• Healing is faster

• Risk of nerve involvement is lower

Waiting until problems develop means more complex surgery and slower recovery.